The R-value of insulation refers to its ability to resist what?

The R-value of insulation is a measure of its thermal resistance, specifically indicating its effectiveness at resisting heat flow. Higher R-values signify better insulating properties, which means that materials with higher R-values can significantly reduce the amount of heat that escapes during colder months or enters during warmer months. This thermal resistance is crucial for maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures and improving energy efficiency in a building.

When evaluating insulation in the context of energy conservation, understanding R-value is essential. It directly relates to how well a building can retain heat, thereby lowering heating costs in the winter and reducing cooling demands in the summer. Therefore, the concept of R-value focuses primarily on preventing heat loss (or gain), which is why this option is the correct choice.

In contrast, while moisture buildup, sound transmission, and air infiltration are important factors in construction and building performance, they do not relate to R-value. Moisture control is typically addressed through vapor barriers, soundproofing may involve mass or specialized materials, and air infiltration is often managed through sealing and weatherstripping. None of these address thermal resistance, which is why they are not the correct answers in relation to R-value.